1

Advanced-Lesson 1

Direct/Indirect object pronouns

  Around the verb, we can identify different kind of

pronouns. One of them is the object pronouns called:

1- Direct object pronouns

2- Indirect object pronouns

To be direct or indirect will depend on the verb.

If the verb is direct, it requires a direct object. So, a direct

object pronoun will be necessary to replace a noun which

directly follows the verb.

ex:

J'étudie la grammaire.

Je l'étudie.

But if the verb is indirect, it requires an indirect object.

So, an indirect object pronoun will be necessary to replace

a noun which follows the verb with the linking preposition

à.

ex:

Je téléphone à Jones.

Je lui téléphone

nb: some verbs are exclusively indirect

        (parler à une personne)

        (téléphoner à une personne)

but some others can be direct and indirect at the same time

         (expliquer la leçon à une personne)

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2

Advanced-Lesson 2

Direct/Indirect object pronouns and the perfect tense

  With the perfect tense, we can use the direct object

pronouns before the auxiliary verb (avoir) to replace a

noun which directly follows the verb. In this case, the

past participle will change because of the direct object

pronoun.

Is it in the masculine-singular?

The past participle will be in the masculine-singular

ex1:

Elle a écouté le professeur.

Elle l'a écouté.

Is it in the feminine-singular?

The past participle will be in the feminine-singular

ex2:

Ils ont regardé la télévision.

Ils l'ont regardée.

Is it in the masculine-plural?

The past participle will be in the masculine-plural

ex3:

Vous avez reçu les amis de Philip.

Vous les avez reçus.

Is it in the feminine-plural?

The past participle will be in the feminine-plural

ex4:

Nous avons perdu les clés dans l'autobus.

Nous les avons perdues dans l'autobus.

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3

Advanced-Lesson 3

Direct/Indirect object pronouns and the immediate future

  The immediate future implies that we have two verbs:

1) Aller when it is conjugated in the indicative present.

2) The second verb in the infinitive form.

The direct/indirect object pronoun comes immediately

before the second verb in the infinitive form

ex :

On va rencontrer le directeur à neuf(9) heures.

On va le rencontrer à neuf(9) heures.

ex :

Nous allons acheter la voiture de l'année.

Nous allons l'acheter.

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4

Advanced-Lesson 4

The imperfect 

  Contrary to the present, the future, the conditional,

the past historic and the present subjunctive as simple

tenses, the imperfect is the simple tense which is

expressing what someone was doing in the past.

Three main reasons while we use the imperfect:

1) To describe in the past

ex :C'était l'été! Il faisait beau et

Andrew sortait avec ses  amis.

2) To mean regular actions in the past

ex :Tous les soirs, ils allaient au

café et rentraient après minuit.

3) To place emphasis on a continuous action in the past

until something else happened/(in the perfect tense) to

interrupt that precedind action.

ex :Un soir, ils buvaient leur café

et s'entretenaient lorsque la police est arrivée.

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5

Advanced-Lesson 5

The conditional

  The present/past conditional is important to describe

what someone would do/would have done.

By including the hypothetical ''Si'', this tense is

connected to the imperfect/pluperfect whis is coming

right after ''Si''

ex :

Si j'habitais au Québec, j'apprendrais le français/

Si j'avais pris des cours de français, j'aurais gagné         

un meilleur salaire

With inversion, the same rule is applied:

ex :

J'apprendrais le français si j'habitais au Québec/

J'aurais gagné un meilleur salaire si j'avais pris des cours

de français.

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